Publications

In December 2020, new regulation of digital markets was proposed by European Commission. It specifically addresses main concerns raised by business behavior of operators of core services in their gatekeeping positions. However, voice assistants (or digital personal assistants, DPAs, e.g. Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, Google Assistant) are not included into this regulation. In contrast, the Internal Market and Consumer Protection Committee of European Parliament suggested to include them. This paper argues that (i) voice assistants as gatekeepers for consumption should be listed among core services, (ii) some Digital Market Act's obligations need to be adopted to fit specifics of voice assistants, (iii) two relevant dimensions of power should be included into rebuttable presumptions used for competition policy and regulation: market power on voice assistants' market and ecosystem of related markets (cross-market integration criterion), (iv) growth of new gatekeepers should be prevented, among other means by stricter merger control.

The political, societal or economic impact of algorithms is seen as one of the most debated issues in recent history. In this introduction to the special issue "Algorithms and Communication", we elaborate on the importance of algorithms as research objects for communication science. We discuss why algorithms are such an intensively discussed topic. We describe different kinds of "communicating algorithms" that affect processes of political, social and interpersonal communication. In this context, we elaborate on new research questions for communication sciences that arise out of the importance of algorithms. Finally, we conclude with a call for a transformation of traditional models of mass communication. Particularly, we highlight the necessity to systematically describe and define the role of algorithms as "autonomous" senders in communication processes.