Anwendungen der Schwingquarzmethode in der Galvanotechnik. - In: ZVO-Report, (2020), 2, S. 42
Abscheidung von dekorativen Chromschichten mittels niederfrequenter Pulsabscheidung zur Anpassung des optischen Erscheinungsbilds. - In: WOMag, ISSN 2195-5905, Bd. 9 (2020), 6, S. 1-8
Das optische Erscheinungsbild von galvanisch abgeschiedenen Chromschichten ist eines der wichtigsten Kriterien für deren dekorative Anwendung. Für die dekorative Verchromung werden zunehmend Elektrolyte auf Basis von dreiwertigem Chrom als Ersatz für die bisher verwendeten Elektrolyte auf Basis von sechswertigem Chrom eingesetzt. Chrom aus Elektrolyten mit dreiwertigen Chromverbindungen neigt jedoch dazu, bei Dicken über 100 nm einen gelblichen Farbton zu haben, was für die meisten Anwendungen unerwünscht ist. Die Farbverschiebung hängt mit einer Änderung der Oberflächenmorphologie aufgrund des Wachstums der Chromkeime zusammen. Durch die Verwendung von gepulstem Strom mit Einschaltzeiten im Bereich von Sekunden wird das unerwünschte Kornwachstum unterdrückt und die Bildung frischer Kerne begünstigt. Dadurch bilden sich kompakte Chromschichten mit feinerem Gefüge und verbesserten Farbwerten. Ein bläuliches Aussehen und ein hoher Glanz werden bis zu einer Dicke von mehr als 200 nm beibehalten. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen wird eine Kombination aus konstantem und gepulstem Strom vorgeschlagen, die ein ähnliches visuelles Erscheinungsbild ergibt wie nur bei gepulstem Strom, jedoch die angestrebte Schichtdicke in deutlich kürzerer Zeit erreicht.
https://dx.doi.org/10.7395/2020/Leimbach1
Synthesis and characterization of size controlled bimetallic nanosponges. - In: Multifunctional materials, (2020), S. 1-34
Metallic and bimetallic nanosponges with well-defined size and form have attracted increasing attention due to their unique structural properties and their potential for many applications. In this chapter, the recently developed methods for the synthesis and preparation of metallic and bimetallic nanosponges are presented. These methods can be mainly cataloged in two groups: dealloying-based methods and reduction reaction-based methods. Different topographical reconstruction methods for the investigation of their structural properties are then reviewed briefly. The optical properties of the metallic nanosponges are clearly different from those of the solid counterparts due to the tailored disordered structure. The recent advances in the exploration of the distinct linear and non-linear optical properties of the nanosponges are summarized.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110345001-001
Sintered porous glasses hosting luminescent species of different nature: Eu3+ ions and Tb3+-doped Ba2TiSi2O8 glass-ceramic powder. - In: Journal of non-crystalline solids, ISSN 0022-3093, Bd. 531 (2020), 119846
Im Titel sind "3+" hochgestellt, "2" und "8" tiefgestellt
We report on the employment of a nano-porous Vycor-type glass as host for two luminescent substances of very different physical and chemical nature, which share the same porous space. Firstly, BTS:Tb^3+ glass-ceramic nano-powders were infiltrated in the porous structure and secondly Eu^3+ ions from a nitrate aqueous solution were included afterwards. Upon sintering, the porous silica matrix collapses, embedding both luminescent species. We focused on the micro and nano-structure of the sintered glasses. Upon sintering a europium silicate phase crystallizes as monocrystalline hexagonal nano-rods, which coexist with amorphous round particles below 100 nm enriched in Eu and Si. Both kinds of particles are embedded in a cristobalite matrix. The interesting microstructure is reported for the first time. The sintering heating rate influences the microstructure after the sintering. The microstructure was investigated by a last generation TEM microscope with aberration correction, EDXS and an exhaustive electron diffraction analysis. The inclusion of BTS:Tb^3+ is only limited, and thus, the its role in the optical properties of the final material is negligible. Luminescence upon UV excitation shows the characteristic emission peaks of Eu^3+. This work highlights the possibility of combining several luminescent materials inside a silica matrix.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2019.119846
Crystallization of BaF2 from droplets of phase separated glass - evidence of a core-shell structure by ASAXS. - In: CrystEngComm, ISSN 1466-8033, Bd. 22 (2020), 30, S. 5031-5039
Im Titel ist "2" tiefgestellt
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CE02003A
Multiferroic bismuth ferrite: perturbed angular correlation studies on its ferroic α-β phase transition. - In: Physical review, ISSN 2469-9969, Bd. 102 (2020), 22, S. 224110-1-224110-11
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.102.224110
Atomic surface structure of MOVPE-prepared GaP(111)B. - In: Applied surface science, Bd. 534 (2020), 147346
Controlling the surface formation of the group-V face of (111)-oriented III-V semiconductors is crucial for subsequent successful growth of III-V nanowires for electronic and optoelectronic applications. With a view to preparing GaP/Si(111) virtual substrates, we investigate the atomic structure of the MOVPE (metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy)-prepared GaP(111)B surface (phosphorus face). We find that upon high-temperature annealing in the H2-based MOVPE process ambience, the surface is phosphorus-depleted, as evidenced by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). However, a combination of density functional theory calculations and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) suggests the formation of a partially H-terminated phosphorus surface, where the STM contrast is due to electrons tunneling from non-terminated dangling bonds of the phosphorus face. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveals that a high proportion of the surface is covered by islands, which are confirmed as Ga-rich by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). We conclude that the STM images of the samples after high-temperature annealing only reflect the flat regions of the partially H-terminated phosphorus face, whereas an increasing coverage with Ga-rich islands, as detected by AFM and AES, forms upon annealing and underlies the higher proportion of Ga in the XPS measurements.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147346
Investigation of the reaction kinetics of chromium(III) ions with carboxylic acids in aqueous solutions and the associated effects on chromium deposition. - In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 1945-7111, Bd. 167 (2020), 16, 162509, insges. 8 S.
Electroplated chromium is an important industrial coating. Both in the decorative and functional field, research is being carried out to develop trivalent chromium electrolytes. In this work, the interaction between CrIII ions and carboxylic acids (malonic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and glycolic acid) is investigated. The use of carboxylic acids to improve the current efficiency in trivalent chromium plating baths has been known for a long time. But the thermodynamics and kinetics of the associated complexing reactions are not well understood. It is shown that the complexes form at different rates depending on the acid and its concentration and have a varying influence on chromium deposition. For the development of a technical bath, care must be taken to ensure that the molar ratios between chromium and carboxylic acids can be controlled. This is possible with the HPLC method presented here.
https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abd1f4
Electrogravimetry and structural properties of thin silicon layers deposited in sulfolane and ionic liquid electrolytes. - In: ACS applied materials & interfaces, ISSN 1944-8252, Bd. 12 (2020), 51, S. 57526-57538
Potentiostatic deposition of silicon is performed in sulfolane (SL) and ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with damping monitoring (EQCM-D) is used as main analytical tool for the characterization of the reduction process. The apparent molar mass (Mapp) is applied for in situ estimation of the layer contamination. By means of this approach, appropriate electrolyte composition and substrate type are selected to optimize the structural properties of the layers. The application of SL electrolyte results in silicon deposition with higher efficiency compared to the IL 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [BMP][TFSI]. This has been associated with the instability of the IL in the presence of silicon tetrachloride and the enhanced incorporation of IL decomposition products into the growing silicon deposit. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis supports the results about the layer composition, as suggested from the microgravimetric experiments. Attention has been given to the impact of practically relevant substrates (i.e., Cu, Ni, and vitreous carbon) on the reduction process. An effective deposition can be carried out on the metal electrodes in both electrolytes due to accelerated reaction kinetics for these types of substrates. However, on vitreous carbon (VC), a successful reduction of SiCl4 can only be accomplished in the IL, while the electroreduction process in SL is dominated by the decomposition of the electrolyte. For short deposition times, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images display rough morphologies in the nanometer range, which evolve further to structures with increased length scale of the surface roughness. The development of a rough interface during deposition, resulting in QCM damping at advanced stages of the process, is interpreted by a model accounting for the resistive force caused by the interaction of the liquid with a nonuniform layer interface. By using this approach, the individual contributions of the surface roughness and viscoelastic effects to the measured damping values are estimated.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c14694
Metastable atomic layer deposition: 3D self-assembly toward ultradark materials. - In: ACS nano, ISSN 1936-086X, Bd. 14 (2020), 11, S. 15023-15031
Black body materials are promising candidates to meet future energy demands, as they are able to harvest energy from the total bandwidth of solar radiation. Here, we report on high-absorption near-blackbody-like structures (>98% for a wide solar spectrum range from 220 to 2500 nm) consisting of a silica scaffold and Ag nanoparticles with a layer thickness below 10 m, fabricated using metastable atomic layer deposition (MS-ALD). Several effects contribute collectively and in a synergistic manner to the ultrahigh absorption, including the pronounced heterogeneity of the nanoparticles in size and shape, particle plasmon hybridization, and the trapping of omnidirectionally scattered light in the 3D hierarchical hybrid structures. We propose that, in the future, MS-ALD needs to be considered as a simple and promising method to fabricate blackbody materials with excellent broadband absorption.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c04974