Verification of dual-polarized ultra-wideband channel sounder for THz applications. - In: 2021 IEEE 32nd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), (2021), insges. 5 S.
The lower THz bands are foreseen as candidates to achieve the data-rates demanded in the sixth generation (6G) of wireless communications. Hence, multiple measurements for characterization of propagation at these frequencies in different scenarios are being conducted all around the world. This also impulses activities on standardization of measurement equipment and methodologies to define common practices and make measurements from different actors comparable. Therefore, in the present paper we investigate the accuracy of a dual-polarized ultra-wideband channel sounder in the time, angular, and polarization domains by means of a verification methodology based on interferometry.
https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC50174.2021.9569491
Enable software-defined radios for real-time MIMO channel sounding. - In: To measure is to know, (2021), insges. 5 S.
This paper describes a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based implementation of a switched multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channel sounder realization by use of software-defined radio (SDR) hardware (NI USRP-2954, X310 series with UBX 160 daughterboard). Essential basic functionalities are the synchronous switching of the antenna elements at both link ends and an integrated automatic gain control (AGC) at the receiver. To meet the high timing requirements in the switched MIMO setup, an FPGA-based AGC is introduced. The detector of the AGC is based on a sample-by-sample calculation of the average and maximum of the I/Q samples within a sliding window. The used SDR hardware allows a minimum AGC update interval of approx. 14 [my]s and a timing accuracy of the antenna switching of 5 ns. Our setup demonstrates the applicability of state-of-the-art SDRs as a sounding system for continuous acquisition of the time-variant, directional mobile radio channel.
https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC50364.2021.9460077
Characterization of urban radio channels and base station antenna correlation in the 3.75 GHz band. - In: 2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring), (2021), insges. 5 S.
Single side mMIMO channel measurements over 100 MHz bandwidth at 3.75 GHz were performed in two German cities. In dense urban as well as urban/suburban environments, a total track length of about 20 km has been measured. Multipath parameters by means of the high-resolution parameter estimator RIMAX are estimated and subsequently used to derive the statistics of large scale parameters and to allow a comparison to the statistics from standard channel model (3GPP, WINNER). While most of the parameters match quite well, for the angular spread at the base station (BS) partly larger deviations are observed. The correlation properties between the 32 dual polarized antenna patches of the BS antenna are investigated with respect to the antenna patch separation as well as to the distance between the BS and user equipment (UE).
https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2021-Spring51267.2021.9448718
Statistics of vehicular detectability for cooperative passive coherent location at urban crossroad. - In: Radar on the move, (2021), insges. 6 S.
The statistical study of target detectability is crucial in radar system design. In this regard, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal at the radars receiver is a key parameter and therefore every influence on SNR should be taken into account. One of the main influences is the fluctuation of the target scattering/reflectivity to the incident electromagnetic wave. Consequently, the target fluctuation models and their accuracy become important. For monostatic radar system, various models can be found in the literature. In contrast, this paper studies a case of vehicular sensing scenario with multistatic configuration for an urban crossroad and proposes a modelling method of the target fluctuation by taking into account the target information, such as size, shape and composed materials, and the wave information, such as polarizations and aspect angles. Furthermore, the derived target fluctuation models are then applied directly to the formulation of the probability of detection for multistatic radar system. These probabilities of detection are also compared to that of monostatic radar system.
https://doi.org/10.1109/RadarConf2147009.2021.9454971
Estimation bounds of beat signal in the R-mode localization system. - In: IEEE access, ISSN 2169-3536, Bd. 9 (2021), S. 69278-69286
The R-Mode system is a terrestrial navigation system currently under development, which exploits existing means of medium frequency radio transmission. The positioning and timing performance depends on the estimation of the signals' phase offset, from which the ranging information is derived. For an analogous problem such as the single-tone phase estimation, the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) describes the minimal achievable performance in the mean squared error sense. For R-Mode, the problem involves the estimation of the phase offset for a beat signal, which can be described as the difference of phase estimation for the two aiding carriers next to the signal. This estimates are not statistically independent for finite observation, as we show in this paper. The effect becomes stronger for short observation times, which are important for a near real time application. In this contribution, we are interested in phase offset estimation for the signal models relevant to R-Mode: a beat signal and a beat signal combined with an MSK signal. A closed-form lower CRB is proposed for the aforementioned signal models phase estimation, as well as a generalization of the bound for the phase-difference estimation. Based on this derivation, optimized bit sequences are shown to improve performance of the estimates. The validity of the proposal is verified based on a simulation setup. Measurements acquired during a measurement campaign serve to further justify the usefulness of the bound. Some possible applications of such a bound are R-Mode coverage prediction and the associated phase estimators' performance.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3076845
UHF RFID tag performance measurements for SLCs applications using DIY-positioners. - In: Focus on linking antennas and propagation with the automotive and 5G industries, (2021), insges. 5 S.
With this paper, we present cost-effective techniques to characterize UHF RFID performance with regards to small load carriers (SLC). A self-developed turntable-positioner is used to measure the antenna pattern of tags attached to empty SLCs, as well as SLCs filled with scrap metal. With the tag-positioner we presented in a recent publication, read range degradation of various tags near dissipative and conductive electro static discharge (ESD) protective material was investigated. We also measured the sensitivity of around 80 different tags in front of an SLC made of ESD protective material and compared their performance to operation in free-space propagation. To conduct the measurements themselves, we use commercial off-the-shelf readers like the R420 from Impinj, which we control via low level reader protocol (LLRP) commands, implemented in Python.
https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411100
On the modelling of the NLOS first multi-path component in stochastic spatial channel models. - In: Focus on linking antennas and propagation with the automotive and 5G industries, (2021), insges. 5 S.
Positioning and localization is one of the key features in the 5G and beyond wireless networks. Since accuracy strongly depends on the channel conditions, channel models are of special importance for the testing and development of such applications. While several localization methods are based on the time of arrival (ToA) and time-difference of arrival (TDoA), stochastic spatial channel models (SCMs) as the 3GPP don't consider absolute values on the delays of the non-line of sight (NLOS) multi-path components (MPCs), making these models not appropriate for these applications. Therefore, we investigate the time and angular characteristics of the first multi-path component (FMPC) using multi-band ray tracing (RT) simulations in order to extend stochastic SCMs to support localization applications in NLOS.
https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411142
MIMO-TDL model parameter estimation from V2I channel sounding. - In: Focus on linking antennas and propagation with the automotive and 5G industries, (2021), insges. 5 S.
This contribution proposes modeling methods for MIMO-TDL channel models under new evaluation method, which is non-WSSUS. V2X channels cannot be assumed to follow the WSSUS assumption due to high inherent mobility. It can be extended to non-WSSUS by employing an ON/OFF process (persistence process). An algorithm to select taps and estimate their parameters from measured data is illustrated. Meanwhile, the slow and fast fading is separated from received signal to assess the fading distribution of taps. The analysis investigates correlation coefficient among taps persistence process, as well as, among taps amplitude. Additionally, an approach is discussed to develop a time varying MIMO-TDL model, whose parameters are varying over time.
https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411322
Accuracy of fill level measurement by an M-sequence UWB guided wave radar. - In: Focus on linking antennas and propagation with the automotive and 5G industries, (2021), insges. 4 S.
Due to increasingly complex and automated manufacturing processes of producing companies, the demands on the control parameters of these processes are also increasing. An important parameter is the fill quantity, whose precise determination is becoming of growing importance. It is of additional interest to be able to automatically determine what filling material is currently being used to ensure that the correct material is in the container. This paper shows with which accuracy an M-sequence UWB guided wave radar can determine levels in metallic and non-metallic containers and which possibilities exist to determine the filling material. First, the principle of level measurement using guided wave radar is explained and the measurement setup is described. Afterward, the measurement results are shown and discussed. The measurements show that the level can be measured with an accuracy of less than 0.5 mm. In addition, level fluctuations can be detected with an accuracy of 3 µm.
https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411205
Modeling of transitions in received power for an urban V2I scenario. - In: Focus on linking antennas and propagation with the automotive and 5G industries, (2021), insges. 5 S.
In this contribution, we investigate how changes in received power for a vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication scenario in an urban environment can be modeled. Significant changes are not only observed for line of sight (LoS) to none line of sight (NLoS) transitions but also when the mobile station travels from a narrow street onto a crossroad and other maneuvers, even with no LoS being present. To model these transitions, in terms of received power, we propose a variant of an arctangent function. We fit the model to different exemplary transitions, which were found in channel sounding data collected in a V2I measurement campaign. We discuss the results in terms of quality of fit and the estimated parameters.
https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411370