Publikationen (gesamt)

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Systematisierung und Erweiterung bestehender Prinzipien und Richtlinien für eine kreislaufgerechte Produktentwicklung. Der Arbeitsschwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf Methoden zur Verlängerung der Produktlebensdauer durch die Anwendung von Upgrades. Der Kern dieser Arbeit ist eine Methodik zur Unterstützung der Entwicklung. Einen wesentlichen Schwerpunkt der Methodik bilden Leitfragen. Die Leitfragen dienen dazu, die Upgrade-Fähigkeit eines Produktes zu bewerten, wobei der Fokus auf der Nutzungsphase liegt. Anschließend erfolgt die Darstellung verschiedener möglicher Konzepte zur Umsetzung von Upgrades auf der Architekturebene. Nach der Detaillierung des ausgewählten Konzeptes erfolgt eine abschließende Bewertung der Auswirkungen auf die weiteren Produktlebensphasen. Die Anwendbarkeit der entwickelten Methodik erfolgt anhand eines Laptops als Produktbeispiel. Diese Methodik ist als Ergänzung zu bestehenden Verfahren gedacht und kann bereits bei der Planung von Produkten in der Produktgenerationsentwicklung eingesetzt werden. Auf Basis der Methodik können zielführend Entscheidungen zur Upgradefähigkeit und den Upgrademöglichkeiten für Produkte während der Planung und Konzeption getroffen werden.

In the context of product development, the goal of developers is to design products based on a variety of stakeholder needs so that they sufficiently satisfy a wide range of required characteristics. The required properties relate to function, safety, manufacturability, cost, usability, etc. In recent years, sustainability has gained importance as an additional and now indispensable guiding principle in product development due to the rapidly growing global environmental, social and economic challenges. The focus of this paper is on sustainability, which takes into account resource consumption, environmental protection and ecology. The same applies to the circular economy as an essential component of sustainability strategies when it comes to product or material cycles, as well as the targeted repair, reuse, modification, waste prevention and upgrading of products, etc. A product category that is rarely in the public eye is machine tools and special machines. In order to consistently consider sustainability and the associated circular economy in the development of these machines, product developers need practice-oriented and methodically validated decision-making means. The paper discusses and systematizes possible sustainability strategies and their implications from different perspectives, such as business models or applicability.

The increasing complexity of technical solutions caused by constantly changing requirements and competitive situations, has led to the introduction of agile development processes in various domains in order to be able to react faster and more efficient to changes. This paper explores the integration of agile aspects into engineering education to prepare students for the corporate world. Two approaches, a single-stage and a two-stage approach, were implemented and evaluated in student projects at Technische Hochschule Ulm and Technische Universität Ilmenau. The findings reveal that both approaches effectively enhance students' competencies in agile product development. The observations highlight the value of iterative sprints, design thinking, peer learning, focused work, stakeholder involvement and the application of digital tools. Students exhibited increased confidence, independence, and creativity in their development projects. The integration of agile approaches in teaching methodologies proves beneficial in addressing the challenges posed by complex technical solutions and evolving requirements.

Product development means identifying the needs of different stakeholders, developing a product for them to the point where it is ready for production and use, and documenting it. To manage the complexity of product development, it is becoming increasingly digitalised. As virtual product development is a key area of industry, teaching in this area is an important component of a practice-oriented engineering curriculum. Engineering education constantly requires new teaching and learning formats. The trend is towards a systematic combination of digital teaching materials for self-organised individual and cooperative self-study on the one hand, and in-depth forms of classroom teaching tailored to the needs of students on the other - in short: hybrid forms of teaching and learning. Within the framework of an eTeach impulse project for a hybrid teaching and learning environment for virtual product development, important results have been developed, implemented and evaluated to achieve this goal.

Technical products are developed to meet the demands of stakeholders. Therefore, the product's functions and associated properties are important. Various influencing factors e.g., external disturbances can have an impact on the input flows of the products or its characteristics and thus on the functions. If this leads to deviations between the required and as-is functions, these deviations are called errors. It is therefore important to analyze errors in product development and implement measures to increase the robustness of the product. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) supports the development of complex systems. However, MBSE alone has limited ability to identify in-depth errors. This requires knowledge of possible errors from previous products in specific contexts. For this purpose, the method proposed in this paper facilitates identifying errors in the concept phase by combining MBSE approaches with reusable knowledge (i.e., knowledge graph). The approach is presented using an application example for a mobile robot.